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Born-Canning Town

The German offensive of 21st March, 1918

With an end to the fighting on the Eastern Front after the Russian Revolution, Germany was able to bring its troops from there to France and launch a series of offensives in the Spring of 1918, designed to bring the war to a swift conclusion. Four times between March and July they attacked in strength and on each occasion they broke through the British and French lines and made spectacular gains but in each case they over extended themselves and without adequate supplies keeping up with their rapid advances, they could go no further.

The first of these attacks, Operation Michael, was made on 21st March by 63 specially trained divisions, attacking along a 60 mile front held by 26 British divisions, many of them in a weakened state At 4.40am the German artillery opened up with the most ferocious and concentrated bombardment of the war, the likes of which the British had never experienced before. The Forward Zone, consisting mainly of individual posts was blown away. Very few of the men there made it back. Many were killed and many more were taken prisoner. The Battle Zone was also battered as were the British guns, firing from positions just to the rear. Brigade and Divisional HQs were targeted as well and then, from out of the thick mist came the German storm troopers. Moving fast, they skirted round the few remaining strongholds and penetrated deep into the British lines, including those of the Battle Zone, causing the utmost confusion. There were many cases of heroic stands being made but the relentless pressure forced the British back everywhere and there then began a general retreat that went on for two weeks and which ceded to the Germans a huge amount of territory, including all of that that had been won at such great cost during the Battle of the Somme in 1916.

On 21st March, 14th Division were in the line a few miles south of St. Quentin. 43 Brigade was on the right of the divisional line with 7th King’s Royal Rifle Corps in the Battle Zone in front of the village of Benay. Around 9am the whole of the Forward Zone had been lost and by 11am the Battle Zone, which lay along the higher ground of the Essigny plateau, had been reached by the German infantry. At 11am two companies of 7th King’s Royal Rifle Corps were overwhelmed some 300 yards east of Benay and a third company was pushed back to Battalion HQ in a sunken road half a mile behind Benay where they were reinforced by two companies of 9th Scottish Rifles. Here they remained to past midnight when they were able to march back to the Crozat canal where the survivors of 43 Brigade had gathered. Among the many casualties suffered by 7th King’s Royal Rifle Corps on 21st March was John Teedon.